ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m² and < 30 kg/m², low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.
ABSTRACT
Migraine is a special type of headache which may result from abnormal vascular phenomena; however, the exact mechanism of the disease is still unknown. Studies show that there are factors that can trigger a migraine attack; fasting and feeding are among them. The objective of this re¬search was to analyze foods and eating habits that predispose or trigger migraine attacks. We performed a systematic review of the scientific literature through the search for articles in electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, SciELo and Lilacs. Nine articles were selected from the 15.193 assessed, according to the inclusion and exclusion factors. All authors report some relationship between migraine and feeding. Fasting, foods that contain caffeine, alcohol, citrus fruits, ice-cream, and dairy products were the most frequently cited as causes of crises. Nitrates and nitrites, amines, caffeine, and alcohol are the most cited substances found in foods that trigger crises. It was possible to conclude that there is a range of foods involved, but how foods trigger migraine crisis vary between individuals. The clarification of which foods and eating habits trigger crises is extremely important to obtain control of the disease and prevent the onset of seizures.
La migraña es un tipo especial de dolor de cabeza que puede ser consecuencia de fenómenos vasculares anormales; sin embargo, el mecanismo exacto de la enfermedad sigue siendo desconocido. Los estudios muestran la existencia de factores que pueden desencadenar un ataque de migraña, entre los que se mencionan el ayuno y la alimentación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los alimentos y hábitos alimentarios que predisponen o desencadenan ataques de migraña. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica, buscando artículos en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo y Lilacs. Se seleccionaron 9 artículos de entre un total de 15.193, que fueron evaluados de acuerdo con los factores de inclusión y exclusión. Todos los autores relataron alguna relación de la migraña con la alimentación. El ayuno, el alcohol, las frutas cítricas, los helados, los productos lácteos y los alimentos con cafeína fueron los más frecuentemente citados como desencadenantes de las crisis. Los nitra¬tos y nitritos, las aminas, la cafeína y el alcohol son las sustancias encontradas, en los alimentos ya citados, que más desencadenan las crisis. Se concluye que hay una gama de alimentos involucrados, pero, como los alimentos desencadenantes varían entre los individuos, la aclaración de cuáles son los alimentos y los hábitos alimentarios que desencadenan las crisis es algo muy importante para obtener un control de la enfermedad y prevenir la aparición de las crisis.
A migrânea é um tipo especial de cefaleia, que pode resultar de fenômenos vasculares anormais; porém, o mecanismo exato da doença ainda é desconhecido. Estudos comprovam que existem fatores que podem desencadear a crise de enxaqueca, dentre os quais são citados o jejum e a alimentação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os alimentos e hábitos alimentares que predispõem ou desencadeiam crises de migrânea. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática na literatura científica, com busca de artigos nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Science Direct, SciELo e Lilacs. Foram selecionados nove artigos de 15.193 avaliados de acordo com os fatores de inclusão e exclusão. Todos os autores relatam alguma relação da migrânea com a alimentação. O jejum, os alimentos que contêm cafeína, as bebidas alcoólicas, as frutas cítricas, o sorvete e os derivados de leite foram os mais citados como desencadeadores de crises. Os nitratos e nitritos, as aminas, a cafeína e o álcool são as substâncias encontradas nos alimentos citados que mais desencadeiam as crises. Conclui-se que há uma gama de alimentos envolvidos, porém, como os alimentos desencadeadores variam entre os indivíduos, o esclarecimento de quais alimentos e hábitos alimentares que desencadeiam as crises é de extrema importância para obter um controle da doença e prevenir o aparecimento das crises.